Accutane
Brand
name:Accutane
Pronounced: ACC-u-tane
Generic name: Isotretinoin
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Why
is Accutane prescribed?
Accutane,
a chemical cousin of vitamin A, is prescribed for the treatment
of severe, disfiguring cystic acne that has not cleared up in
response to milder medications such as antibiotics. It works
on the oil glands within the skin, shrinking them and diminishing
their output. You take Accutane by mouth every day for several
months, then stop. The antiacne effect can last even after you
have finished your course of medication.
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Most
important fact about Accutane
Because
Isotretinoin can cause severe birth defects, including mental
retardation and physical malformations, a woman must not become
pregnant while taking it. Before starting Accutane therapy,
women of childbearing age will be asked to read a pamphlet,
watch a video, and sign a detailed consent form regarding the
danger of birth defects. You must have two negative pregnancy
tests before beginning Accutane therapy, and must take monthly
pregnancy tests while using this drug.
In
addition, you must use 2 forms of birth control during Accutane
therapy, and for 1 month before and after. Each prescription
for Accutane must bear a yellow qualification sticker signifying
that you meet these requirements. Scientists have not ruled
out the possibility that hormone-based contraceptives (birth
control pills and implants) may be less reliable when taken
with Accutane, so a second form of birth control should always
be used while taking Isotretinoin. If you accidentally become
pregnant while taking Accutane, you should immediately consult
your doctor.
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How
should you take Accutane?
Take
Accutane with food or milk. Follow your doctor's instructions
carefully.
Depending
on your reaction to Accutane, your doctor may need to adjust
the dosage upward or downward. If you respond quickly and very
well, your doctor may take you off Accutane even before the
15 or 20 weeks are up.
After
you finish taking Isotretinoin, there should be at least a 2-month
"rest period" during which you are off the drug. This
is because your acne may continue to get better even though
you are no longer taking the medication. Once the 2 months are
up, if your acne is still severe, your doctor may want to give
you a second course of Accutane. If you are still growing, your
doctor may recommend a longer "rest period."
Avoid
consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Read
the patient information leaflet available with the product.
Do
not crush the capsules.
Do
not share Accutane with anyone because of the risk of birth
defects and other serious side effects.
--If
you miss a dose...
Take
the forgotten dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost
time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back
to your regular schedule. Do not take 2 doses at the same time.
--Storage
instructions...
Store
at room temperature, away from light.
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What
side effects may occur?
Side
effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity,
inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can
determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Accutane.
Side effects may include:
Abnormal hair growth or loss, allergic reaction, bleeding gums,
blood in urine, bowel inflammation and pain, bruising, changes
in blood sugar or cholesterol levels, changes in skin pigmentation,
chest pain, decreased night vision, decreased tolerance to contact
lenses, delay in wound healing, depression, difficulty sleeping,
dizziness, drowsiness, dry or fragile skin, dry or cracked lips,
dry mouth, dry nose, fatigue, flushing, headache, hearing problems,
heartbeat irregularities, herpes, inflammation or sores in the
esophagus, itching, joint pain, liver disorders, menstrual changes,
muscle wasting, nail disorders, nausea, nervousness, nosebleeds,
peeling palms or soles, pinkeye, rash, skin infections, stomach
and intestinal discomfort, stroke, sudden drop in blood pressure
(causing unconsciousness), sunburn-sensitive skin, suppression
of growth, sweating, swelling due to fluid retention, tendon
and ligament problems, urinary discomfort, vision problems,
vomiting, weakness, weight loss
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Why
should Accutane not be prescribed?
If
Accutane gives you an allergic reaction, you will not be able
to use it.
If
you are a woman of childbearing age, you should not take Isotretinoin
if you are pregnant, if you think there is a possibility you
might get pregnant during the treatment, or if you are unable
to keep coming back to the doctor for monthly checkups, including
pregnancy testing.
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Special
warnings about Accutane
Stop
taking Accutane and notify your doctor immediately at the first
sign of a skin rash or any other allergic reaction. Although
they are rare, serious and even fatal allergic reactions have
been known to occur.
When
you first start taking Accutane, it is possible that your acne
will get worse before it starts to get better.
Accutane
may cause depression or other mental problems. In rare cases,
it has prompted thoughts of suicide. If you begin to feel depressed
or become troubled by suicidal thoughts, contact your doctor
immediately.
Before
starting Accutane therapy, all patients must sign a consent
form noting that they are aware of the possibility of mental
side effects, the danger of birth defects, and the need for
certain other precautions.
If
you are a woman of childbearing age and you are considering
taking Isotretinoin, you will be given both spoken and written
warnings about the importance of avoiding pregnancy during the
treatment. You will also be asked to sign a second consent form
noting that:
You must not take Accutane if you are pregnant or may become
pregnant during treatment;
If you get pregnant while taking Accutane, your baby will be
at high risk for birth defects;
If you take Accutane, you must use 2 effective forms of birth
control from 1 month before the start of treatment through 1
month after the end of treatment;
You must have 2 negative pregnancy tests (one just before starting
Accutane therapy), and must be tested every month during therapy;
You may participate in a program that includes an initial free
pregnancy test and birth control counseling session;
If you become pregnant, you must immediately stop taking Isotretinoin
and see your doctor;
You have read and understood the Accutane patient brochure and
asked your doctor any questions you had;
You have been invited to participate in a survey of women being
treated with Accutane.
Some
people taking Isotretinoin, including some who simultaneously
took tetracycline, have experienced headache, nausea, and visual
disturbances caused by increased pressure within the skull.
Avoid taking tetracycline while using Accutane. See a doctor
immediately if you have these symptoms; if the doctor finds
swelling of the optic nerve at the back of your eye, you must
stop taking Accutane at once and see a neurologist for further
care.
Be
careful driving at night. Some people have experienced a sudden
decrease in night vision.
Accutane
affects the body's processing of fats and sugars. It should
be used cautiously by people with diabetes, excess weight, high
triglyceride or cholesterol levels, or a tendency to drink too
much alcohol. If you have any of these conditions, your doctor
will monitor you closely during Accutane therapy.
You
may not be able to tolerate your contact lenses during and after
your therapy with Accutane.
You
should stop taking Accutane immediately if you have abdominal
pain, bleeding from the rectum, or severe diarrhea. You may
have an inflammatory disease of the bowel.
You
should not donate blood during your therapy with Isotretinoin
and for a month after you stop taking it.
You
may become more sensitive to light while taking Isotretinoin.
Try to stay out of the sun as much as possible.
You
should not use wax hair removal treatments or skin resurfacing
procedures (dermabrasion, laser treatments) while taking Accutane
or for 6 months after completing therapy.
Some
people taking Accutane develop vision or hearing problems. If
you notice changes in your vision or hearing, stop taking Isotretinoin
and contact your doctor.
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Possible
food and drug interactions
when taking this medication
While taking Accutane, do not take vitamin supplements containing
vitamin A. Accutane and vitamin A are chemically related; taking
them together is like taking an overdose of vitamin A.
Remember,
too, that Accutane should not be combined with tetracycline
antibiotics such as Doryx, Minocin, and Vibramycin.
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Special
information
if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
Accutane causes birth defects; do not use it while pregnant.
Nursing mothers should not take Accutane because of the possibility
of passing the drug on to the baby via breast milk.
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Recommended
dosage
The
recommended dosage range for Accutane is 0.5 to 1 milligram
per 2.2 pounds of body weight, divided into 2 doses daily, for
15 to 20 weeks. For very severe cases, the doctor may increase
the daily dose to as much as 2 milligrams per 2.2 pounds.
If
after a period of 2 months or more off therapy, severe cystic
acne persists, your doctor may prescribe a second course of therapy.
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Overdosage
Any
medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If
you suspect an overdose of Accutane, seek medical attention
immediately.
Overdosage of Accutane, like overdosage of vitamin A, can cause:
Abdominal pain, dizziness, dry or cracked lips, facial flushing,
incoordination and clumsiness, headache, vomiting
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